Much of Australia's vast "red center" has been tamed and put on a tour, but the Outback hasn't lost its frontier allure. The same can be said for much of the rest of this country that's also a continent. Sydney may have joined the ranks of the world's top cities, but its architecture, stunning harbor and electric, manic personality keep it singular: You won't mistake it for anywhere else. From the craggy peaks of the Blue Mountains to the lush tropics of Queensland and the coral treasure land of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia has something unusual, something special to offer visitors
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Attractions and Facts
Australian Newspapers Online
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BACKGROUND
Aboriginal settlers arrived on the continent from
Southeast Asia about 40,000 years before the first
Europeans began exploration in the 17th century. No
formal territorial claims were made until 1770, when
Capt. James COOK took possession in the name of
Great Britain. Six colonies were created in the late 18th
and 19th centuries; they federated and became the
Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. The new country
took advantage of its natural resources to rapidly
develop its agricultural and manufacturing industries
and to make a major contribution to the British effort in
World Wars I and II. In recent decades, Australia has
transformed itself into an internationally competitive,
advanced market economy. It boasted one of the
OECD's fastest growing economies during the 1990's,
a performance due in large part to economic reforms
adopted in the 1980's. Long-term concerns include
pollution, particularly depletion of the ozone layer, and
management and conservation of coastal areas,
especially the Great Barrier Reef.
GOVERNMENT Federal Constitutional Monarchy
LANGUAGES English (official)
CURRENCY Australian dollar = 100 cents
MEDICAL No vaccinations required. There are few
health hazards but visitors should protect against
sunburn, spiders and snake bites.
TRAVEL Visitors should exercise caution in major
urban areas, particularly after dark.
WEATHER Tropical to temperate ; November to
March warm or hot in all areas; June to August mild in
south-eastern regions; September to May warm to hot;
rain falls all year round and is heaviest March to July.
TIME ZONE East GMT +10; Cen.+9.5; West +8
INTERNATIONAL DIALLING CODE 61
GEOGRAPHY
LOCATION:
Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the
South Pacific Ocean
AREA:
total: 7,686,850 sq km
land: 7,617,930 sq km
water: 68,920 sq km
note: includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island
NATURAL RESOURCES:
bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, gold, silver,
uranium, nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc,
diamonds, natural gas, petroleum
CAPITAL:
Canberra
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS:
6 states and 2 territories*; Australian Capital Territory*,
New South Wales, Northern Territory*, Queensland,
South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia
NATIONAL HOLIDAY:
Australia Day, 26 January (1788)
INDEPENDENCE:
1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies)
FLAG DESCRIPTION:
blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side
quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower
hoist-side quadrant known as the Commonwealth Star,
representing the federation of the colonies of Australia
in 1901; the star depicts one point for each of the six
original states and one representing all of Australia's
internal and external territories; the remaining half is a
representation of the Southern Cross constellation in
white with one small five-pointed star and four larger,
seven-pointed stars
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